I. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:

1. M _________ is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

2. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g____­­­______ meaning.

3. B___________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

4. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d__________ affixes.

5. D___________ affixes are added to an existing form to create words.

6. A s_____________ is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech.

7. C__________ is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.

8. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called m______________ rules.

9. In terms of morphemic analysis, d_______________ can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.

10. A s____________ can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.

II. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:

11. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.

A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme

12. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound __________.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes

C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase. D. None of the above.

13. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of __________. A. the first element B. the second element C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second elements.

14. _______ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Bound words D. Words

15. _________ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

A. Syntax B.Grammar C. Morphology D. Morpheme

16. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.

A. lexical B. morphemic C. grammatical D. semantic

17. Bound morphemes are those that ___________.

A. have to be used independently B. can not be combined with other morphemes

C. can either be free or bound D. have to be combined with other morphemes.

18. ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.

A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes

19. _________ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences

20. “-s” in the word “books” is _______.

A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root

Chapter 4. Syntax

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:

21. A s________ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a sub¬ject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.

22. A s__________ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.

23. A s________ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate.

24. In the complex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an e___________ clause.

25. Major lexical categories are o_________ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.

III. There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:

26. A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.

A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical

27. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.

A. how words and phrases form sentences.

B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words

C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above.

28. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.

A. transformational rules B. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. x-bar theory

29. The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number.

A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite

30._______ rules may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.

A. Generative B. Transformational C. X-bar D. Phrase structure

PART TWO

1.Divide the following words by placing a + between their morphemes. (some of the words may be monomorphemic and therefore indivisible)

e.g. agreement agree + ment

a. retroactive b. befriended c. televise d. margin e. endearment

f. psychology g. unpalatable h. holiday i. grandmother j. morphemic

2.Direction:a. For each word listed below, identify its lexical category. b. List all morphemes (each word contains more than one) and indicate whether they are free or bound. c. Indicate for each affix whether it is derivational or inflectional.

e.g. Listened (verb) listen (free) + ed (bound--- inflectional)

a. youngest b. stopped c. impossible

d. dissolved e. tinier f. antisocial

g. reactionary h. developmentally

i. friendship j. modernization

3. Write the one proper description for the italicized part of each word.

e.g.incivilizedcivil----free root;happiness ness ----derivational suffix

a. terrorizedb.impossible c. modernize

d. biologicale. stimulatorf. passionate

g.irregular h.stronger i.extrasensory j. child’s

4.Match each expression under A with the one statement under B that characterizes it.

5. Task 1. Using prefixes.Rewrite each of the following sentences by replacing the awkward underlined phrase of clause with a single word the uses a prefix. Make sure the new word is placed so that your revision reads smoothly.

e.g. Sample: Some navy shipshave guns that are to be used to be against enemy aircraft.Revision: Some navy shipshave antiaircraft guns.

a. Biographies are one type of writingthat is not fiction.

b. Many hunting injures are caused by rifles that arefired wrongly.

c. The first battle of American revolution was a skirmishbefore dawnon the Lexington Green.

d. Many communicationsbetween officesare make on an intercom system.

e. Many of the vitamins are lost if vegetables arecooked too much.

Task 2. Using suffixes. For each of the following five sentences replace or revise the awkward underlined phrase or clause by using a word with a suffix. You may have to make other changes so that the new sentence you write reads smoothly. Remember that you sometimes have to make small spelling changes when you add suffixes.

e.g. Sample: Mark Twain often expressedviews characteristic of a pessimist.

Revision: Mark Twain often expressedpessimistic views.

a. Newspapers often are thicker because ofwhat they advertise.

b. Awkward compositions are sometimes lacking inthe state of being organized.

c. In the most gymnastic compositions ten points indicate a performancewithout flaw.

d. When water is heated, it ismade into vapor.

e. Scientistsmake classesof rocks according to their hardness.

Syntax

PartI.Draw a labeled tree diagram for each of the phases given below.

1. a charming lady

2. visited a country

3. in a bright classroom

4. make a chart of temperature

5. customs of former days

Part II. Provide a tree diagram for each of the sentences given below.

a) Sophia frightened him.

b) He lights a person on his way.

c) A boy will go to see his grandma.

d) John advised Kate to see the doctor.

e) Mary promised Kate to see the doctor.

f) Do ghosts exist in the physical world?

g) Does she believe that ghost exists?

h) The teacher that I described to you won the race.

i) What did you eat for lunch?

j) Mr. Tom believes that Kate will win the game.